Syria’s Fragile Path to Unity Amid Ongoing Conflict
1. A Nation Divided: Damascus’ Struggle for Unity
Syria, under the leadership of interim President Ahmed al-Shara, is attempting to heal its divisions through a national unity conference. However, the nation remains fragmented, with intense fighting raging 400 miles away in the northeastern region, beyond government control. This region is a battleground between the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), supported by the US, and a Turkish-backed Arab militia. The conflict has escalated following the ousting of former dictator Bashar al-Assad, highlighting the challenges al-Shara faces in unifying the country.
2. The Kurdish Conundrum: Autonomy and Security
The SDF, crucial in combating ISIS, controls semiautonomous regions in the northeast. However, Damascus pressures them to disarm and merge into a national force, fearing loss of autonomy. Mazloum Abdi, SDF leader, resists, emphasizing their role in counter-terrorism. Turkey views the SDF as a threat due to ties with the PKK, a separatist group. The PKK’s recent ceasefire in Turkey has not swayed Abdi, indicating the SDF’s determination to maintain independence and security against ISIS resurgence.
3. External Pressures: Turkey’s Influence and US Uncertainty
Turkey’s involvement in Syria is driven by concerns over Kurdish separatism. Their support of Arab militias against the SDF reflects this anxiety. The US, having backed the SDF, now contemplates its involvement, with past withdrawals raising fears of ISIS regaining strength. This uncertainty leaves the SDF vulnerable, potentially undermining regional security and allowing ISIS to exploit power vacuums.
4. Civilian Toll: Fear and Mistrust
Civilians bear the brunt of conflict, with constant fear of drones, airstrikes, and uncertain futures. Many mistrust the new government’s ability to protect them, especially Kurds historically marginalized. Their safety hinges on political decisions, with some seeking continued autonomy for security, while others pray for peace and an end to violence.
5. Regional and Global Implications
Syria’s instability threatens neighboring countries with potential spillover of ISIS resurgence. Prisons holding thousands of ISIS fighters are vulnerable, posing a regional threat. The international community remains concerned, urging stability to prevent further chaos and terrorist resurgence.
6. A Delicate Balance: Syria’s Path Forward
Syria’s future hinges on addressing ethnic grievances, particularly Kurdish autonomy, while ensuring national security. The SDF’s role in counter-terrorism must be leveraged, but without alienating Arab populations. External actors, including Turkey and the US, must navigate their interests carefully to avoid exacerbating tensions. Achieving unity requires inclusivity and trust-building, essential for lasting peace and stability in a fractured nation.
