Xi Jinping’s Vision for China as a Technological Superpower
At the annual National People’s Congress in Beijing, Chinese leader Xi Jinping made it abundantly clear that his primary goal is to propel China to the forefront of global technological advancement. Despite challenges such as an economic slowdown, heavy local government debt, and an ongoing trade war with the United States, Xi emphasized that nothing should stand in the way of his ambitious plans. The National People’s Congress, traditionally a forum for Communist Party leaders to showcase public consultation, has evolved under Xi’s leadership into a meticulously orchestrated event that underscores his vision for China’s future. This year, Xi specifically highlighted the importance of advancing technologies like artificial intelligence, biotechnology, and new-age weaponry, drawing inspiration from the success of U.S. government investments in science post-World War II.
Xi’s commitment to science and technology is rooted in his belief that self-sufficiency and global leadership in these fields are essential for China to achieve long-term economic success, military prowess, and international prominence. His vision is not just about technological advancement but also about aligning all national efforts, including economic policies and military modernization, with the overarching goal of establishing China as a global superpower. This focus on innovation and technology is seen as a strategic move to outpace competitors, particularly the United States, in the race for global dominance.
The National People’s Congress as a Platform for Xi’s Agenda
The National People’s Congress, once a platform where delegates could voice concerns about issues like pollution, has become a rally for Xi’s agenda. Delegates, though handpicked by the party, have historically had some latitude to critique officials, but under Xi’s leadership, dissent has all but disappeared. This year’s congress was no exception, with Xi using the event to reinforce his priorities. On the first day, he met with delegates from Jiangsu Province, a key industrial region, and exhorted them to prioritize scientific and technological innovation. His comments were broadcast on state television, with delegates dutifully noting his remarks.
Over the course of the congress, Xi’s emphasis on technology and innovation was consistent. On the second day, he listened to reports from scientists and education officials, stressing the role of education in building China into a "science and technology great power." On the third day, Xi, dressed in his military uniform, addressed members of the People’s Liberation Army, urging them to adopt advanced technologies to accelerate the development of new combat capabilities. While the specifics of his remarks were not detailed publicly, it is well-known that China’s military is focusing on cutting-edge technologies, including next-generation jet fighters, unmanned drones, and advanced submarines.
Budget Priorities Reflect Xi’s Vision
Xi’s priorities were further reflected in China’s annual budget, which allocated significant funds to science and technology, education, and the military. Government spending on science and technology is set to increase by 8.3% this year, with education seeing a 6.1% boost and military spending rising by 7.2%. In contrast, social welfare and healthcare will see more modest increases of around 5%. This budgetary focus underscores Xi’s belief that investment in technology and innovation is the key to China’s future success, even as the country grapples with economic challenges such as a housing market slump and an aging population.
While China’s science and technology budget for this year is estimated at $172 billion, second only to the United States, experts note that U.S. government cuts under former President Donald Trump could narrow the gap between the two nations. Including private-sector investment, the United States spent an estimated $806 billion on research and development in 2021, compared to China’s $668 billion. Despite these numbers, Xi remains committed to his vision, convinced that China can overcome its current economic difficulties by prioritizing technological advancement and industrial upgrading.
Critics Question the Focus on Futuristic Goals
Not everyone is convinced that Xi’s focus on futuristic technologies is the right path forward. Some critics argue that the emphasis on advanced technologies comes at the expense of addressing more pressing domestic issues, such as providing support for citizens struggling to make ends meet. China’s economy is still reeling from a steep decline in housing prices, and the country faces demographic challenges, including a rapidly aging population and a plummeting birthrate. Despite these challenges, Xi appears resolute in his belief that technological innovation and industrial upgrading are the keys to China’s long-term success.
Moreover, Xi has shown no indication of scaling back China’s export drive, even in the face of additional tariffs imposed by the United States under the Trump administration. This commitment to maintaining China’s position as a global export leader further underscores Xi’s vision of a prosperous, technologically advanced nation that is capable of competing on the world stage. While some may question the wisdom of prioritizing technological advancement over immediate economic and social challenges, Xi’s strategy is driven by a long-term view of China’s place in the world.
Xi’s Political Dominance and the Absence of Opposition
Xi’s ability to push through his agenda with minimal opposition is a testament to his firm grip on power. After more than a decade in office, Xi has consolidated his control over the Communist Party and the Chinese government, to the extent that there are few, if any, meaningful checks on his authority. The anti-corruption campaign he launched early in his tenure has been adeptly used to eliminate potential rivals and consolidate power, leaving little room for dissent within the party.
At the National People’s Congress, the absence of any significant opposition to Xi’s plans was evident. With nearly 3,000 delegates in attendance, dissenting votes have become exceedingly rare, and the congress has effectively become a rubber-stamp event for Xi’s agenda. This level of political control allows Xi to pursue his vision for China’s future without fear of meaningful resistance, either within the party or from the broader population.
Looking Ahead: The Implications of Xi’s Vision
As Xi continues to push forward with his vision of a technologically empowered China, the world will be closely watching to see how this strategy unfolds. While the emphasis on innovation and advanced technologies has the potential to propel China to new heights of prosperity and influence, it also raises important questions about the country’s ability to balance long-term goals with immediate challenges. Critics warn that neglecting pressing domestic issues could have serious consequences for China’s stability and prosperity, but Xi seems willing to take that risk in pursuit of his vision.
Moreover, the implications of Xi’s strategy extend far beyond China’s borders. As the country continues to invest heavily in advanced technologies, including those with potential military applications, the global balance of power is likely to shift in ways that could challenge the United States and other nations. The outcome of this high-stakes race for technological dominance will have far-reaching implications for global politics, economics, and security, making Xi’s vision one of the most consequential initiatives of our time.
In conclusion, Xi Jinping’s unwavering commitment to advancing China’s technological capabilities is central to his vision for the nation’s future. Through carefully orchestrated events like the National People’s Congress, significant budgetary allocations, and a firm grip on power, Xi is determined to push China to the forefront of global technology and innovation, regardless of the challenges that lie ahead. Whether this strategy will ultimately lead to the desired outcome of establishing China as a technological superpower remains to be seen, but one thing is clear: Xi’s vision will have a profound impact on China and the world for years to come.
