The West Texas Measles Outbreak: A Growing Concern

Introduction to the Outbreak

A measles outbreak in West Texas, centered in Gaines County, has grown to 146 cases, with 20 hospitalizations and one death. The virus, highly contagious, has spread to Central Texas and potentially New Mexico. The outbreak, originating in a close-knit Mennonite community, began in late January, raising concerns due to measles’ high transmissibility.

Spread and Exposure

An infected individual traveled to San Antonio and San Marcos over Valentine’s Day weekend, visiting public spots like the University of Texas and Buc-ee’s. Health officials warn this could expose thousands, given San Antonio’s status as a destination city. Monitoring is underway, with potential cases expected by March 8.

Symptoms and Infectious Period

Measles symptoms start with cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis, followed by mouth sores, high fever, and a rash. The incubation period is 7-14 days, with individuals infectious from four days before the rash appears until four days after. Recovery takes about 10 days post-rash.

Impact on Vulnerable Populations

Primarily affecting unvaccinated children, the outbreak has caused severe cases, including dehydration and breathing issues. A school-age child died, highlighting the vulnerability of this group. Health officials are also investigating potential links to nine cases in New Mexico and others in nearby states.

Role of Vaccine Hesitancy

Measles is preventable with the MMR vaccine, 97% effective with two doses. However, vaccine hesitancy has grown, with Gaines County’s exemption rate at nearly 18%. Despite no mandates, free vaccinations are offered to control the outbreak, emphasizing community cooperation.

Ongoing Response and Hope

The CDC is assisting Texas with resources, underscoring vaccination as the best defense. While the outbreak may persist, health officials remain committed to containment through education and support. The focus is on protecting communities and preventing further spread.