Germany’s Election Results Mark a Shift in Political Landscape

The German federal election held on March 23, 2025, brought significant changes to the country’s political landscape. According to projections, the opposition conservatives, led by Friedrich Merz, emerged victorious with around 28.5% of the vote. However, the election was overshadowed by the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party, which more than doubled its support since the last election, securing approximately 20.5%. This marked the strongest showing for a far-right party in Germany since World War II. Chancellor Olaf Scholz, whose center-left Social Democrats (SPD)finished third with just over 16%, conceded defeat, calling the result "bitter" and the party’s worst post-war performance in a national parliamentary election.

A Nation in Discontent

The election was held seven months earlier than planned due to the collapse of Scholz’s coalition government in November 2023, three years into its term. The campaign was marked by widespread voter discontent, with little enthusiasm for any of the candidates. Key issues included the stagnation of Europe’s largest economy, pressure to curb migration, and growing uncertainty over the future of Ukraine and Europe’s alliance with the United States. Germany, as the most populous EU member and a leading NATO power, plays a pivotal role in shaping the continent’s response to global challenges.

Challenges Ahead for the Winner

Friedrich Merz, the conservative leader, expressed hope to form a coalition government by Easter, but this task appears daunting. Whether Merz can secure a majority with the SPD or needs to include the Greens as a second partner depends on whether the Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW) crosses the 5% threshold to enter parliament. Addressing cheering supporters, Merz acknowledged the immense responsibility and the complexity of the task ahead, emphasizing the need to establish a viable government quickly. Meanwhile, Robert Habeck, the Greens’ candidate for chancellor, cautioned Merz to moderate his tone after a divisive campaign, urging him to act like a chancellor and unite the fractured political center.

The Far-Right’s Historic Success

The far-right AfD celebrated its strongest performance since its founding, with its co-leader, Tino Chrupalla, declaring that the party had achieved something historic and positioned itself as the "political center." The party’s candidate for chancellor, Alice Weidel, expressed openness to coalition talks with Merz’s Union bloc, despite Merz and other mainstream parties repeatedly ruling out any collaboration. Weidel mocked Merz’s victory as "Pyrrhic," arguing that his ability to govern would be hindered by the need to compromise with left-wing parties. Merz firmly rejected the idea of a coalition with AfD, citing fundamental differences on foreign policy, security, and Europe.

A Divided Nation and Uncertain Future

The election highlighted deep divisions within Germany, as the political center weakened and extremist voices gained traction. Scholz decried the AfD’s success, vowing not to accept it and calling on voters to reject far-right ideologies. Meanwhile, the Greens emerged as the least damaged party from the outgoing government, but the SPD’s defeat was described as no surprise by its general secretary, Matthias Miersch, who emphasized that the loss was not confined to the campaign period. As the dust settles, Germany faces significant challenges, including economic stagnation, migration pressures, and its role in a volatile global landscape.

Implications for Europe and the World

The election’s outcome has far-reaching implications for Germany’s domestic policies and its leadership in Europe. As the continent grapples with the ongoing conflict in Ukraine and shifting alliances, Germany’s ability to shape a unified response will be critical. Merz’s coalition-building efforts will determine the stability and direction of the government, while the rise of the far-right signals growing dissatisfaction among voters. The world will closely watch how Germany navigates its internal divisions while maintaining its pivotal role in global affairs. The coming months will be decisive in determining whether Merz can unite a fractured nation and restore confidence in its leadership.