As universities strive for diversity in their student populations, they grapple with the complexities that arise from varying social and cultural backgrounds. While students bring rich perspectives, there exists a disconnect between the traditional expectations of academic language and the diverse linguistic and cultural practices of the students. This disparity poses challenges for both students and faculty, impacting engagement, relationships, and even masking underlying learning difficulties.
The Struggle with Academic Language
Universities demand a specific form of English proficiency, including a nuanced understanding of discipline-specific language. However, rigid views on academic language and the perception of language as a neutral, transferable skill create hurdles for students and staff alike. The belief that language proficiency is synonymous with academic ability disproportionately affects culturally and linguistically diverse students.
The misuse of language can mask deeper issues, such as learning difficulties or neurodivergent conditions like dyslexia or Autism Spectrum Disorder. Unraveling these complexities is crucial for universities to provide effective support, differentiating between English language assistance and other forms of support related to mental health or emotional well-being.
1. Language and Disengagement
Non-participation in tutorials, presentations, or group activities is often misinterpreted as a lack of commitment. However, this silence may stem from the anxiety associated with expressing oneself in unfamiliar and high-stakes language environments. Pronunciation challenges and a sense of inferiority among students struggling with English exacerbate the issue.
Drawing on research from primary and secondary education, it is evident that a myopic focus on language acquisition can lead to disengagement. Incorporating activities that tap into diverse cultural knowledge, such as exploring cultural understandings of mental health in psychology, can enhance engagement for all students, fostering a more inclusive learning environment.
2. Language and Interpersonal Dynamics
Communication challenges between non-English speaking background students, educators, and peers can lead to misunderstandings. The lack of guidance on the power dynamics and structures of higher education contributes to students being perceived as either unaware of the “rules” or intentionally rude. Language nuances, including excessive formality or informality, further complicate these interactions.
Universities can play a vital role in fostering relationships by offering activities that acknowledge and celebrate the strengths brought by culturally and linguistically diverse students. Creating spaces for these students to demonstrate their knowledge not only enhances their self-esteem but also contributes to a more inclusive campus culture.
3. Language as a Mask for Learning Difficulties
Errors in spelling, grammar, and punctuation are often misinterpreted as a lack of English proficiency, overlooking the possibility of underlying learning difficulties such as dyslexia. At the primary and secondary school level, distinguishing between language-related challenges stemming from a non-English background and those resulting from a learning disorder is complex.
To address these challenges, universities must invest time and resources in language and cultural development for both students and staff. Adopting holistic educational practices that embrace diverse forms of knowledge and learning approaches can level the communication playing field. Educators should reconsider assumptions about language-related issues, offering support for students who may not fully grasp communication norms.
Moving Forward: Embracing Diversity in Education
In conclusion, the experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse students highlight the urgent need for universities to prioritize language and cultural development. A more inclusive approach to education involves recognizing and accommodating the diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds of students. By doing so, higher education institutions can foster an environment where every student can thrive, contribute, and be truly seen for their unique strengths and perspectives.
