In the wake of the recent tragedy involving the Titan submersible, many of us were left horrified and perplexed by the idea of individuals willingly subjecting themselves to such high-risk experiences. The incident sparked conversations across cafes and offices, as people pondered the motivations of the wealthy who engage in dangerous activities. Are these billionaires merely vain or foolish, or is there something more complex at play?
Research suggests that the propensity for risk-taking among the affluent stems from various psychological factors. A study published in the prestigious journal Nature delved into the personalities of 1,125 individuals in Germany with a net wealth of at least €1 million, revealing intriguing differences compared to the general population.
The study found that people with higher incomes tended to possess extroverted personalities and a higher tolerance for risk. Consequently, they were more likely to be drawn to thrilling adventures and extreme sports. However, a crucial question arises: which came first, the immense wealth or the specific personality traits? Is it the money that molds their character, or do these individuals possess an inherent disposition towards risk-taking that leads them to accumulate substantial wealth?
The answer lies in a combination of both factors. A proclivity for risk-taking can indeed contribute to financial success. Yet, once significant wealth has been acquired, individuals often enjoy a level of security that shields them from concerns about basic necessities. This sense of security may lead some to perceive life as excessively safe, prompting a desire for risk and novelty.
Renowned French sociologist Pierre Bordieau argued that our “habitus,” our way of being in the world, is shaped by society. Different cultures and histories give rise to distinct habitus, ultimately influencing an individual’s mindset. Wealth profoundly affects one’s perspective on the world and influences their lifestyle choices. The affluent view luxury cars not as unattainable dreams but as suggestions for enhancing their driveway aesthetics. Consequently, risk-taking becomes a normalized part of their daily engagement with the world.
Nevertheless, research indicates that personality is not static; it evolves over time in response to experiences. Life events such as attending university or becoming a parent can fundamentally alter an individual’s worldview and their interactions with the world. If someone consistently takes risks in their daily life, it reinforces their risk-taking personality trait, leading to further daring experiences. This cycle may explain why many wealthy individuals become synonymous with risk-taking, regardless of genetic predispositions.
For individuals like me, who consider themselves risk-averse, engaging in dangerous activities feels incongruent with their personality. Stepping outside their comfort zone triggers discomfort and unease. While some perceive “living life to the fullest” as synonymous with activities like base-jumping or free-climbing, those who prioritize caution and safety find fulfillment in different pursuits.
Consequently, it is reasonable for the wealthy to embrace risky experiences. Driving fast cars, skiing, and skydiving represent acceptable levels of risk-taking for many people. However, those with vast resources can delve into even more extreme and potentially dangerous activities, enabling them to live authentically and true to their nature.
Curiously, our society often places more value on risk-takers in business environments, perceiving them as individuals capable of driving progress and innovation. Risk-aversion, on the other hand, is often viewed as inhibiting growth and progress. Rather than recognizing it as a trait that provides stability and a calming influence, risk-aversion is frequently seen as a hindrance.
Both approaches to engaging with the world hold inherent value and should be equally esteemed. Throughout history, humanity has thrived due to a combination of explorers and meticulous risk assessors, each contributing their unique perspectives.
In our capitalist society, consumption takes center stage, permeating every aspect of our lives. We attach value to branded products, luxurious experiences, and even existential desires. The concept of “eudaimonia,” a Greek term denoting living a fulfilling life, plays a significant role in our pursuit of satisfaction. Aristotle regarded eudaimonia as the highest virtue, an elevated and divine state of being. Epicurus, his contemporary, argued that genuine eudaimonia arises from a pleasurable existence.
Thus, it can be argued that rich, risk-taking individuals simply consume experiences that maximize their personal fulfillment in terms of eudaimonia. Risk-averse individuals also seek to lead authentic lives but pursue satisfaction through different means. Both groups live genuinely, pleasurably, and naturally within the context of their habitus.
Rather than hastily dismissing the choices of those who pay handsomely for experiences like Titan, we should consider the underlying motivations that drive such behavior. Blaming individuals alone for accidents is shortsighted. Instead, we should reflect on how society values risk-taking while potentially undervaluing safety regulations. By understanding and addressing these broader dynamics, we can foster a society where individuals are empowered to pursue fulfilling lives, whether they are billionaires or otherwise.
